The history of all previous societies has been the history of class struggles.

A commodity appears at first sight an extremely obvious, trivial thing. But its analysis brings out that it is a very strange thing, abounding in metaphysical subtleties and theological niceties.

Society does not consist of individuals but expresses the sum of interrelations, the relations within which these individuals stand.

Religion is the opium of the masses.

The history of all previous societies has been the history of class struggles.

The first requisite for the happiness of the people is the abolition of religion.

The ruling ideas of each age have ever been the ideas of its ruling class.

Natural science will in time incorporate into itself the science of man, just as the science of man will incorporate into itself natural science: there will be one science.

Art is always and everywhere the secret confession, and at the same time the immortal movement of its time.

Necessity is blind until it becomes conscious. Freedom is the consciousness of necessity.

Democracy is the road to socialism.

For the bureaucrat, the world is a mere object to be manipulated by him.

From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.

We should not say that one man's hour is worth another man's hour, but rather that one man during an hour is worth just as much as another man during an hour. Time is everything, man is nothing: he is at the most time's carcass.

The writer must earn money in order to be able to live and to write, but he must by no means live and write for the purpose of making money.

There is a specter haunting Europe, the specter of Communism.

Let the ruling classes tremble at a communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Workingmen of all countries, unite!

Landlords, like all other men, love to reap where they never sowed.

The more the division of labor and the application of machinery extend, the more does competition extend among the workers, the more do their wages shrink together.

The meaning of peace is the absence of opposition to socialism.

It is not history which uses men as a means of achieving - as if it were an individual person - its own ends. History is nothing but the activity of men in pursuit of their ends.

The ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, i.e., the class which is the ruling material force of society, is at the same time its ruling intellectual force.

Machines were, it may be said, the weapon employed by the capitalists to quell the revolt of specialized labor.

The writer may very well serve a movement of history as its mouthpiece, but he cannot of course create it.

Experience praises the most happy the one who made the most people happy.

Capital is dead labor, which, vampire-like, lives only by sucking living labor, and lives the more, the more labor it sucks.

Medicine heals doubts as well as diseases.

Men's ideas are the most direct emanations of their material state.

The oppressed are allowed once every few years to decide which particular representatives of the oppressing class are to represent and repress them.

In a higher phase of communist society... only then can the narrow horizon of bourgeois right be fully left behind and society inscribe on its banners: from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.

On a level plain, simple mounds look like hills; and the insipid flatness of our present bourgeoisie is to be measured by the altitude of its great intellects.

A specter is haunting Europe - the specter of communism.

While the miser is merely a capitalist gone mad, the capitalist is a rational miser.

The rich will do anything for the poor but get off their backs.

Revolutions are the locomotives of history.

Anyone who knows anything of history knows that great social changes are impossible without feminine upheaval. Social progress can be measured exactly by the social position of the fair sex, the ugly ones included.

The English have all the material requisites for the revolution. What they lack is the spirit of generalization and revolutionary ardour.

I am not a Marxist.

Nothing can have value without being an object of utility.

The production of too many useful things results in too many useless people.

Workers of the world unite; you have nothing to lose but your chains.

The development of civilization and industry in general has always shown itself so active in the destruction of forests that everything that has been done for their conservation and production is completely insignificant in comparison.

The country that is more developed industrially only shows, to the less developed, the image of its own future.

The only antidote to mental suffering is physical pain.

The theory of Communism may be summed up in one sentence: Abolish all private property.

Greek philosophy seems to have met with something with which a good tragedy is not supposed to meet, namely, a dull ending.

Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.

It is absolutely impossible to transcend the laws of nature. What can change in historically different circumstances is only the form in which these laws expose themselves.

Without doubt, machinery has greatly increased the number of well-to-do idlers.