Spitzer tested 1939 the effects of a type of spaced repetition with over 3600 students who were learning science facts and showed that spaced repetition was effective.

Perhaps the most important discoveries are those which relate to the appropriate distribution of the periods of study...Acts of revision should be spaced in gradually increasing intervals, roughly intervals of one day, two days, four days, eight days, and so on.

The forgetting curve hypothesizes the decline of memory retention in time. This curve shows how information is lost over time when there is no attempt to retain it.

From 1880 to 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus ran a study about the memorisation of nonsense syllables, such as "WID" and "ZOF" by repeatedly testing himself after various time periods and recording the results. He plotted these results on a graph creating what is now known as the "forgetting curve".

Murre and Dros present a successful replication of Ebbinghaus’ classic forgetting curve from 1880 based on the method of savings. The forgetting curve has indeed been replicated and that it is not completely smooth but most probably shows a jump upwards starting at the 24 hour data point.

The speed of forgetting depends on a number of factors such as the difficulty of the learned material (e.g. how meaningful it is), its representation and physiological factors such as stress and sleep. Furthermore higher original learning also reduces forgetting. The rate differs little between individuals.

Spaced practice is a feasible and cost-effective way to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of learning, and has tremendous potential to improve educational outcomes.

Memory formation becomes more effective with longer inter-stimulus intervals between training sessions because of decreasing temporal overlap between successive, short-lived learning traces.

However, anyone to whom this happens should not leave his room upon awakening, should speak to no-one, but remain alone and sober until everything comes back to him, and he recalls the dream.

The key to good decision making is evaluating the available information - the data - and combining it with your own estimates of pluses and minuses. As an economist, I do this every day.

Self-esteem is something I still battle. People look at me and say, 'You've got fame. You've got admiration. You've done this; you've done that.' As far as I'm concerned, I haven't done anything. I've just fulfilled a dream of competing.

My dad was a professional track racer. It's in my genes, and my first memories as a baby were in a velodrome.

While that wasn't first and foremost in my mind, you can't get into this without being struck, on one side, by how far we've come, and then the other side, by how little things have changed.

I'm not sure ministry can ever have the urgency it requires if it is not aware of evil, both externally and internally.

A worldly actor is a better actor. It sounds pretentious, but I think having these experiences can translate back into your work.

The double sessions are tough. The manager wants us to get fit, wants us to work hard. And that's because the Premier League is so tough. We need it. Something we have to do.

Believe it or not, I can actually draw.

Allah is with the believers.

When I was a kid I got so much help from the Church. When I was a kid, our family was so poor they couldn't afford me to go to school, so there was an American family that send the money to the church to support my school fees.

In all three cases, and for most human beings, the problem of suffering poses no difficult problem at all: one has a world picture in which suffering has its place, a world picture that takes suffering into account.

Successful ideas, they snowball.

To be able to have the space to sit down and write has always been my central policy.

Sometimes a neighbor whom we have disliked a lifetime for his arrogance and conceit lets fall a single commonplace remark that shows us another side, another man, really; a man uncertain, and puzzled, and in the dark like ourselves.

Rhythm is one of the most powerful of pleasures, and when we feel a pleasurable rhythm we hope it will continue. When it does, it grows sweeter.

I awake with a not entirely sickened knowledge that I am merely young again and in a funny way at peace, an observer who is aware of time's chariot, aware that some metamorphosis has occurred.

To me, you can be young in your mind, in the way you think, but if your body don't come with that, then it's wishful thinking.

It's so nerve-wracking to be on a set. They're the most stressful place in the world, because you're making something permanent, and there are so many people relying on you in a lot of ways.

I remember being very young and going to AA meetings with my father in Brooklyn. I thought it was fun because they served hot chocolate and cookies.

Good things when short are twice as good.

I love meeting up with friends and just doing 'normal' stuff like going to the cinema.

I find skydiving really hard. I broke my back while skydiving when I was in the military, and for 18 months all my nightmares were about falling.

Psychoanalysts believe that the only 'normal' people are those who cause no trouble either to themselves or anyone else.