1. Atome innerhalb eines Atomverbandes eines Elements haben immer die Oxidationszahl 0. Beispiel: Sauerstoff O2

2. verschiedene Atome: 2.1 Metalle positive OZ 2.2 Fluor F: - I 2 3 Wasserstoff H: + I 2 4 Sauerstoff O: - II 2.5 Halogene: - I

3. Bei Verbindungen ist die Summe der Oxidationszahlen aller Atome 0.

4. Bei Ionen ist die Summe der Oxidationszahlen aller Atome gleich der Ionenladung.

Oxidationszahlen sind eine fiktive Größe, die beim Aufstellen einer Redoxreaktion hilft. Beim bestimmen muss man einige Regeln beachten.

Oxidation ist immer eine Erhöhung der Oxidationszahl eines Elements, Reduktion immer die Reduktion der Oxidationszahl eines Elementes.

Oxidation ist eine Reaktion, bei der Elektronen abgeben werden. Bei einer Reduktion werden Elektronen aufgenommen.

1. Man bestimmt die Oxidationszahlen der beteiligten Verbindungen.

2. Man erstellt Teilgleichungen und bestimmt Oxidation und Reduktion anhand der Änderung der Oxidationszahlen.

3. Man fügt die aufgenommenen oder abgegebenen Elektronen in die Teilgleichung ein.

4. man führt, abhängig vom umgebenden Medium, einen ladungsausgleich durch, so dass auf beiden Seiten der reaktionsgleichung die gleiche Ladung steht. Das muss nicht 0 sein!

Im sauren gleicht man mit Oxonium-Ionen H3O+ aus, im Alkalischen mit Hydroxid-Ionen OH-. hin und wieder wird in schmelzen gearbeitet, dann gleicht man mit Oxid-Ionen O2- aus.

5. Man muss mit Wasser H2O einen Stoffausgleich durchführen, sodass links und rechts des Reaktionspfeils die gleiche Summe der Elemente Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff vorliegt.

6. Man kontrolliert die Elektronenbilanz. Es müssen genauso viele Elektronen aufgenommen werden, wie abgegeben wurden. Ist das nicht der Fall, wird ausgeglichen, indem man das kleinste gemeinsame Vielfache der Elektronenzahl sucht und die Teilgleichungen entsprechend multipliziert.

7. Man erstellt eine gesamtgleichung durch Addition der beiden Teilgleichungen. Gleiches wird dabei gekürzt.

Bei organischen Verbindungen wird jedes Kohlenstoff-Atom einzeln betrachtet. Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff- Bindungen zählen nicht zur Ermittlung der Oxidationszahl, Wasserstoff hat immer +1, Sauerstoff immer -2. Insgesamt muss das Kohlenstoff-Atom mit seinen Bindungspartnern (außer Kohlenstoff) auf die Summe 0 kommen.

Creativity is as important as literacy and numeracy, and I actually think people understand that creativity is important - they just don't understand what it is.

I owe my life and hope to the gospel. Without it I would still be strutting with racist pride, or I would be suffering the moral paralysis of 'white guilt.' But the gospel has an answer to both pride and guilt.

Sometimes you trust someone who turns out not to be honest. There are a lot of things that happen in life that don't turn out the way you're given the impression that they will. And I think that's all kind of a con. But I think we've probably all been hurt.

I was a hop-around. I hung out with the rockabilly crew, the guys who were trying to be rappers, the funny kids.

If you work hard in real life, people tend to get in your way - either from inertia or prejudice - and they stop you achieving things. It's the worst thing about real life compared with sports, where you generally get what you deserve: if you're the fastest guy, you win; there are no other games being played.

I have made a lot of mistakes raising the four Jenner kids.

The most obvious criticism of aid is its links to rampant corruption. Aid flows destined to help the average African end up supporting bloated bureaucracies in the form of the poor-country governments and donor-funded non-governmental organizations.

Federal regulations forbid delaying inspections for fracture-critical bridges like the fallen Minneapolis bridge - the kind with a lack of redundancy in design, so that a single failure in a load-bearing part can cause the entire bridge to collapse.

The still must tease with the promise of a story the viewer of it itches to be told.

I wanted to be like my friends. I hung out with girls who had blue eyes and blond hair and I thought, 'I want to look like them!'

What I love about the East End is that there's a great perseverance, determination and courage. What I dislike about it is that there is sometimes a celebration of ignorance.

I still like to play games that have a beginning, an end and a story.

My research clearly reveals that if we want to put inner-city workers to work immediately, we just can't rely on the private sector. They don't want to touch them; they don't want to hire them.

God be thanked for books; they are the voices of the distant and the dead, and make us heirs of the spiritual life of past ages.

It has always been my plan not to serve more than two terms.

Fear is the path to the Dark Side. Fear leads to anger anger leads to hate hate leads to suffering.

I travel all the time, but when I come back to the South, I see such progress. In a real sense, a great deal of the South has been redeemed. People feel freer, more complete, more whole, because of what happened in the movement.

I specifically left the corporate world so I could wear T-shirts, blue jeans, and honestly, I always wanted to be my own boss.

The biggest thrill a ballplayer can have is when your son takes after you. That happened when my Bobby was in his championship Little League game. He really showed me something. Struck out three times. Made an error that lost the game. Parents were throwing things at our car and swearing at us as we drove off. Gosh, I was proud.

Al Qaeda is still a threat. We cannot pretend somehow that because Barack Hussein Obama got elected as president, suddenly everything is going to be OK.

Ballet found me, I guess you could say. I was discovered by a teacher in middle school. I always danced my whole life. I never had any training, never was exposed to seeing dance, but I always had something inside of me. I would love to choreograph and dance around.

Like most Americans, I hope and wish is that there is a peaceful resolution to the Middle East conflict. Unfortunately, there are extremists on both sides who oppose a peaceful resolution and instead choose violence.

I'm not a wushu champion. I was an athlete when I was a kid. I was a swimmer and a runner, but all this action stuff is such a challenge. It really, really is.

Homelessness is a problem that people dont come in contact with on a daily basis. It tends to not get the publicity that a major disaster would get.