闭合原则 连续原则 连接原则：物理上连接的为同一群体

在开始着手数据可视化或者沟通之前，应该在理解上下文上多花些时间和精力。

探索性分析是指理解数据并找出其中值得关注或分享给他人的精华。

在向受众进行分析的时候，我们迫切希望能够言之有物，往往在应该进行解释性分析的时候错误地进行了探索性分析

就像在牡蛎中寻找珍珠，可能打开一百个牡蛎（尝试上百种不同的假设或者从上百种不同的角度审视数据）才碰巧找到两颗珍珠。 ⭕️（花时间将数据抽象为受众能够消化的信息：两颗珍珠） ❌（简单地展示全部数据：一百个牡蛎）

数据可视化之前，明确： 1.要跟谁沟通 2.希望受众了解哪些内容或者做什么 3.如何用数据表达自己的观点

有哪些至关重要的背景信息？ 受众和决策者都是谁？对他们有什么了解？ 受众可能对话题存在什么样的正面或者负面偏见？ 有什么样的数据可以支撑这个案例？这些数据是受众所熟悉的还是新的？ 有什么风险？什么因素会弱化案例？我们是否需要主动提出来？ 成功的产出是什么样的？

三分钟故事和中心思想 中心思想是(1)必须能陈述你独特的观点； (2)必须切中要害； (3)必须是一个完整的句子。

只有一到二项数据时，使用简单文本陈述

表格：当有多项内容且单位不一致时，适合用表格。 让设计融入背景，让数据占据核心地位。不要让厚重的边框和阴影与数据争夺受众的注意力。相反，要使用窄边框或者空白来区分表格的元素。

有一种办法能够将表格中的细节和视觉暗示的使用结合起来，那就是热力图。热力图是用表格的形式可视化数据的一种方法，在显示数据的地方（在数据之外）利用着色的单元格传递数据相对大小的信息。

散点图在展示两件事的关系时很有用，因为可以同时将数据对应到 x轴和 y轴上，观察是否存在某种关系以及存在何种关系。

条形图📊要以0为原点，避免将微小的变化过度放大。 如果要展示变化趋势推荐用线图

要可视化相差极大的数值时，用方形面积图

避免使用双Y轴，读者要花时间读，可以替换成直接加标签隐藏双坐标轴，或者分段的坐标轴

杂乱是你的敌人

识别出无法增加信息量的元素（或者无法有效呈现足够信息量的元素）并将它们删除。

临近原则：物理上相近的同属一个群体 相似原则：拥有相似形状颜色大小或者方向的属同一个群体 包围原则：包围在一起的属同一个群体

在没有其他视觉上的提示时，受众通常会从页面或者屏幕的左上方开始，按“之”字形移动视线并消化信息。 因此，当涉及表格和图形时，将文字（标题、坐标轴标签、图例等）按左上角对齐。这意味着受众会先看到有关如何阅读图表的细节，然后再看到数据本身。

避免使用倾斜元素

（1）突出重要的内容， (2)消除干扰， (3)建立清晰的信息层次。

提出重要的内容： 粗体 字号 颜色； 谨慎使用下划线，反色等增加干扰等元素

不是所有数据都同样重要； 当不需要细节时，请总结； 扪心自问：去掉这个会怎么样？ 将必要但不直接影响的元素融入背景

主角需要什么来恢复他生活的平衡？核心需求是什么？是什么阻止主角实现他的愿望？在这样的对抗下，主角决定如何行动以实现愿望？

如果你面对的是意大利面图，不要驻足不前。想想你最希望传达的信息，想要讲述的故事，以及怎样修改图表能够帮助你有效地实现这些目标。请注意，在有些情况下，这或许意味着展示更少的数据。

Companies are communities. There's a spirit of working together. Communities are not a place where a few people allow themselves to be singled out as solely responsible for success.

I know all actors are different, but I've never sat down and asked the writers, 'Where are we headed? Am I good or bad?'

Laws and mechanisms originally meant to enforce copyright, protect children and fight online crime are abused to silence or intimidate political critics.

Kingsley Amis was a lenient father. His paternal style, in the early years, can best be described as amiably minimalist - in other words, my mother did it all.

Working alone on a poem, a poet is of all artists the most free. The poem can be written with a modicum of technology, and can be published, in most cases, quite cheaply.

I write longhand on legal pads, about half at home and half in cafes. I drink a lot of water and eat a lot of raw carrots.

Keep the ones that heard you when you never said a word.

A punk concert isn't fun without a pit.

I have been further enlightened by the conversation and correspondence of some illustrious Italians, whom I would gladly name, were I not afraid of exposing them to danger.

Climate change is the biggest threat to our chances of winning the fight against hunger.

I knew that the UFC and that mixed martial arts in general was going to prosper because I was extremely selfish and cocky, and I thought: 'Hey, if I like it, everyone's gonna like it.' Well, it came to fruition, and I chose a character that was not a far departure from myself at all.

Ive never been on safari because Ive got a phobia of bugs. I just dont want things crawling on me when Im sleeping. Its a shame given my passion for big cats. But I really enjoy photography so Id love to photograph leopards in the wild some day.

I loved the idea of Travolta sitting on the kid's swing, pining away for his girlfriend.

As my career has gone on, I guess I've become more well known. I'm playing to fuller halls in general, which is a nice feeling. When you're doing that, you're going to have a certain number of people who are not just the hardcore classical fanatics, and this makes me very happy.

I don't invest in companies where my mental model is that they need to get themselves acquired in the next few years - or ever.

I'm very monogamous.

It's easy to get four days a week of training in and I don't spend more than 55-60 minutes in the gym.

A currency designed for long term storage and investment doesnt do so well at encouraging transactions and exchange in the moment.

You take what's thrown at you, and you make a life out of it.

First and foremost, I consider myself a storyteller. And I'm endlessly fascinated with people, with what they do and why... and how they feel about it. Which means I'm interested in romance fiction. I was drawn to it, as both a reader and a writer, at the very beginning of my career. It's my kind of storytelling.

Be more than you seem to be.

Normally, I could hit hard enough, as anyone who studied my fights might have known. But the impression was that I was essentially defensive, the very reverse of a killer, the prize fighter who read books, even Shakespeare.

I really think if you take away a character's obstacles then there's no comedy.

I find fear is a great motivator to work hard.