В психологии фиксирование установки (эффект предшествования, прайминг) — это механизм имплицитной памяти, обеспечивающий неосознанное и непреднамеренное влияние однократного воздействия стимула, какого-либо вида, на реакцию на последующий стимул.

Например, слово МЕДСЕСТРА распознается быстрее после слова ДОКТОР, чем после слова ХЛЕБ.

Существуют перцептивный, семантический и концептуальный прайминг.

Исследования, однако, еще не установили с достаточной точностью продолжительность (день? неделю?) эффекта прайминга, но начало его действия может быть практически мгновенным.

Прайминг проявляется сильнее, когда два стимула имеют одну модальность. Например, визуальный прайминг сильнее всего проявляется при поступлении визуальных сигналов, а словесный прайминг - в случае словесных сигналов.

Однако прайминг также происходит между сигналами разной модальности, или между семантически связанными словами, такими как «доктор» и «медсестра».

Экстрастриарная кора (показана жёлтым и оранжевым цветом), как предполагается, участвует в процессах фиксирования установки

Позитивное фиксирование установки ускоряет обработку воздействия стимула, негативное фиксирование установки замедляет (по сравнению с ситуацией отсутствия фиксирования установки) обработку воздействия стимула.

Зафиксированная установка является менее глубинным и общим явлением, чем психологическая установка — неосознанное психологическое состояние, внутреннее качество субъекта, базирующееся на его предшествующем опыте, предрасположенности к определённой активности в определённой ситуации.

Частным случаем прайминга является эффект привязки — особенность оценки числовых значений человеком, из-за которой она смещается в сторону ранее воспринятых чисел, даже если эти числа не имеют никакого отношения к оцениваемому значению.

По своим характеристикам объект памяти, реализующий фиксирование установки, является автоматически исполняемым объектом (процедурой) процедурной памяти.

Under our rules of engagement, if I were ISIS, what I would do is collocate my headquarters next to a school or a hospital and ensure that there would be collateral damage. They know our rules of engagement as well as we do. They operate with impunity.

I just knew that economics had never been my big motivation.

My books are never about the crimes. They are about how the characters react to the crimes.

They've been fairly positive, as firm as they could be in regards to the derivatives operations in Montreal. We didn't sense that there was a hesitation about it. But things change.

We are lucky to have Manmohan Singh as our Prime Minister. We could not have done without a person and leader of the choice as Manmohan Singh, who gets all international attention.

I always said that if I could just find a guy who could chop wood and had a nice smile, it wouldn't bother me if he was a thug or an aristocrat, as long as he was a good guy. And I've ended up with an educated thug.

I was a late bloomer. I was 38 when my first book was out and 43 when my first crime novel was out. I had a story that could only be told as a crime story. I think the genre is good; it deals with the fundamental questions of life and death. The problem is there are too many bad crime stories.

My goal, with whatever I'm working on, is to lose track of time.

A mouse who wishes to fool the cat doesn't simply scamper out of its hole whenever it feels the slightest urge.

One of the top comments I get from people is, 'Oh my God, you're like a regular person!' That's kind of a bizarre thing to live with. I know a lot of famous people, and their lives may not be regular, but they are regular people.

But like Mrs. Ford, I think that the more people realize what a difficult and what an insidious disease it is, the sooner people will start to correct that situation.

A lot of it just has to do with luck, serendipity.

I don't cook very often. Actually, I'd go further: I can't cook.

If someone believes that living on benefits is a lifestyle choice, then we need to make them think again.

If there is one constant to my life, it is that you cannot tell me 'no.'

Face your fears and doubts and new worlds will open to you.

Part of making any endeavour is that each one has its own special problems. It's the nature of the process.

Europe is difficult to coordinate, and our main deficit may not even lie in this area of finance and economics, but in foreign and security policy. We have a leadership problem because we are still 27 different members who have still not decided on how to work with each other based on what we used to call a European constitution.

I would write poems and think up melodies to them later.

Sometimes you shoot for 40 or 50 hours for a one-hour show, and you have to make some very hard choices.

The genius of the American Founders was to create an intricate system of balanced powers both within the state and between state and society - a system that has fostered unprecedented political, social, and intellectual freedom.

I won't make shorthand films, because I don't want to manipulate audiences into assuming quick, manufactured truths.

I love the solitude of being on a plane and finally getting to read an entire book and being left alone.

I have played on many teams throughout my career, and I know when a team has the tools, and the right positive attitude towards winning.